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Literature Synthesis -- Batch 01 Agent 2 (Files 41-80)

Generated: 2026-04-17 | 38 papers read (2 files not found: D'Ignazio 2016, O'Beirne 2016)

Paper Table

# Author(s), Year Title Core Finding Method Tags
1 LeBlanc, 2009 Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures Geotechnical design of OWT foundations requires soil-specific cyclic loading characterisation beyond static methods PhD thesis; field + centrifuge offshore wind, foundation, pile, dynamic
2 Mei & Vernescu, 2010 Homogenization Methods for Multiscale Mechanics Multiscale homogenization provides rigorous upscaling of heterogeneous material properties for continuum modelling Analytical homogenization theory foundation
3 Randolph & Gourvenec, 2011 Offshore Geotechnical Engineering Comprehensive framework covering piled foundations, shallow foundations, and anchoring with offshore-specific methods diverging from onshore practice Textbook; multi-method review offshore wind, pile, foundation, suction bucket
4 McMahon, 2012 Deformation Mechanisms beneath Shallow Foundations Strain beneath shallow foundations is non-linear even at small stress; deformation mechanisms vary with footing geometry PhD thesis; centrifuge testing foundation, centrifuge
5 Yao & Briaud, 2013 LRFD Calibration of Bridge Foundations Subjected to Scour Reliability-based LRFD procedure ensures equal foundation reliability with and without scour; scour is the No.1 cause of US bridge collapse (~22/yr) Statistical analysis + LRFD calibration scour, reliability, foundation, pile
6 Balachowski & Kurek, 2015 Deep Compaction Control of Sandy Soils CPTU alone is insufficient for compaction QC; DMT provides complementary lateral stress and deformability data Field CPTU/DMT testing foundation
7 Currie et al., 2015 Structural Integrity Monitoring of Onshore Wind Turbine Concrete Foundations Wireless SIM system detected significant embedded-ring displacement during turbulent wind and start/stop events Field monitoring; wireless displacement sensors + SCADA SHM, offshore wind, foundation
8 Ji et al., 2015 Experimental Study of a New Type of Floating Breakwater Cylindrical floating breakwater with mesh cage and suspending balls reduces wave transmission better than traditional pontoons, especially for long waves Physical model; 2D wave flume offshore wind
9 Kim et al., 2015 Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Installation of Torpedo Anchors in Clay LDFE with coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach accurately predicts torpedo anchor embedment depth; strain rate and softening are critical 3D LDFE (Abaqus CEL); validated against centrifuge + field foundation, centrifuge
10 Mehravar et al., 2015 Modelling Suction Pressure during Caisson Installation in Sand Using FLAC3D Seepage-induced soil loosening around caisson wall is pivotal; FLAC3D models can predict required suction for target penetration depth 3D FDM (FLAC3D) suction bucket, foundation, offshore wind
11 Cheng, 2015 Force-Resultant Models for Shallow Foundation Systems (UWA thesis) Plasticity-based force-resultant models enable direct coupling of foundation behaviour to structural analysis for jack-up and offshore structures PhD thesis; centrifuge + FE foundation, centrifuge, offshore wind
12 Tsatsis & Anastasopoulos, 2015 Performance of Rocking Systems on Shallow Improved Sand A dense sand crust of depth z/B=1 is sufficient to match ideal-soil rocking performance; shallow soil improvement is viable for rocking isolation Shaking table testing foundation, dynamic
13 Vardanega & Bolton, 2015 Design of Geostructural Systems Reviews evolution from global safety factors through partial factors to reliability-based design; geostructural systems are inherently variable Literature review reliability, foundation
14 Wu et al., 2015 Positioning Capability of Anchor Handling Vessels in Deep Water Current load on the mooring line and weather direction critically affect AHV positioning; Bourbon Dolphin accident was in most unfavourable weather direction Numerical modelling; thrust utilisation plot offshore wind
15 Lau, 2015 Cyclic Behaviour of Monopile Foundations for OWT in Clay Cyclic loading response of monopiles in clay differs fundamentally from static; centrifuge testing reveals accumulated rotation and stiffness change PhD thesis; centrifuge testing offshore wind, pile, centrifuge, dynamic
16 Brosse et al., 2016 Shear Stiffness of Four Eocene-to-Jurassic UK Stiff Clays Stiffness of overconsolidated clays is markedly anisotropic, pressure-dependent, and non-linear; geological age/burial depth influence behaviour Advanced triaxial + HCA + bender element foundation
17 Cao et al., 2017 Structural Damage Identification Using Damping: A Compendium Damping is a sensitive indicator of structural damage but its practical use is limited by measurement noise and environmental variability Review paper SHM
18 Cheng & Cassidy, 2016 Force-Resultant Model for Spudcan Footings on Loose Sand Strain-hardening plasticity model with a 3D sliding surface successfully predicts spudcan VHM behaviour on loose sand Centrifuge testing at 100g + plasticity model foundation, centrifuge, offshore wind
19 Cheng et al., 2016 Progressive Collapse of Excavations Retained by Cantilever Piles Arching effect between piles is key to progressive collapse mechanism; trap-door experiments reveal failure propagation Physical model testing pile, foundation
20 Cheng, 2015 Properties of Soils Using Laboratory Seismic Methods and Numerical Modelling Bender element and resonant column tests combined with numerical modelling provide reliable small-strain stiffness characterisation PhD thesis; lab seismic + FE foundation
21 Grip et al., 2016 Sensitivity-Based Model Updating Using Total Variation Regularization Total variation regularization outperforms interpolation-based methods for localised damage identification in concrete structures FE model updating + TV regularization; RC plate experiment SHM
22 Haiderali & Madabhushi, 2016 Evaluation of Curve Fitting Techniques for p-y Curves Cubic spline and cubic B-spline are consistently most accurate for deriving p-y curves for both small (0.61 m) and large (3.8-7.5 m) diameter piles 3D FE analysis; 18 strain gauge layouts pile, foundation, offshore wind
23 Mehravar et al., 2016 Undrained Failure Envelopes of Caisson Foundations under Combined Loading Embedment ratio L/D significantly affects bearing capacity under combined VHM loading; proposed equations predict caisson capacity 3D FE (undrained) suction bucket, foundation
24 Rawat & Gupta, 2016 Analysis of a Nailed Soil Slope Using LEM and FEM LEM yields higher FoS than FEM; failure surfaces differ significantly between methods; nail inclination affects forces SLOPE/W (LEM) + PLAXIS 2D (FEM) foundation
25 Towhata et al., 2016 On Ageing of Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Liquefaction resistance increases ~40% after 400 years; soil age is not accounted for in current codes, leading to over-conservative hazard maps Case history analysis + lab testing foundation, reliability
26 Weijtens et al., 2016 Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation Monitoring -- Extrapolating Fatigue from Fleet Leaders In-situ fatigue monitoring on fleet leaders can be extrapolated to estimate remaining life of entire wind farm; turbulence and site conditions drive variation Field monitoring; DEL calculation per 10-min interval SHM, offshore wind, foundation
27 Xiao et al., 2016 Failure Envelopes of Shallow Foundations with Strain Softening and Rate Effects Strain softening and strain rate effects significantly alter failure envelopes of shallow foundations and must be included in design FE analysis (UWA COFS) foundation, offshore wind
28 Zhang et al., 2016 Role of Fibre-Soil Interface in Distributed Fibre Optic Strain Sensing Fibre-soil interfacial bond tightens under high density/low water content; progressive interface failure limits measurement range Lab model test + photogrammetry + DFOSS SHM, foundation
29 Ziegler & Muskulus, 2016 Fatigue Reassessment for Lifetime Extension of Offshore Wind Monopile Substructures Corrosion, turbine availability, and turbulence intensity are the most influential parameters for residual fatigue life; case-specific assessment is necessary Sensitivity analysis (elementary effects); 5 MW turbine, 20 m depth offshore wind, pile, reliability
30 Alamo et al., 2016 Dynamic Response of Real OWT on Monopiles in Stratified Seabed SSI significantly reduces fundamental frequency; pile diameter dominates SSI effects while pile length has almost no influence; superficial soil layers are crucial Integral model (impedance functions) + modal analysis offshore wind, pile, dynamic
31 Azhari, 2016 Sensor Development and Response Analysis for Bridge Scour Monitoring Develops novel scour sensors and prognosis framework for bridge scour monitoring PhD thesis; sensor development + response analysis scour, SHM
32 Aasen et al., 2017 Effect of Foundation Modelling on Fatigue Lifetime of Monopile-Based OWT Foundation model choice causes up to 22% variation in accumulated fatigue damage at mudline; both stiffness and damping matter, especially for idling Time-domain simulation with 4 soil-foundation models offshore wind, pile, dynamic, reliability
33 Al-Baghdadi et al., 2017 CPT-Based Design for Screw Pile Installation Torque in Sand CPT-based method correlating cone resistance qc to installation torque enables offshore screw pile design; centrifuge validated Centrifuge testing + CPT correlation pile, centrifuge, offshore wind, foundation
34 Avendano-Valencia et al., 2017 Gaussian Process Time-Series Models for Structures under Operational Variability GP time-series models effectively track modal variability due to wind speed changes for bridges and wind turbines GP regression on environmental parameters SHM, ML, offshore wind, dynamic
35 Beltempo et al., 2017 Viscoelastic Model for Long-Term Deflection of Segmental Prestressed Box Girders Bazant B3 creep model in a 1D FE formulation accurately reproduces multi-decade deflection; validated on Colle Isarco viaduct monitoring data FE + viscoelastic constitutive law SHM
36 Casas & Moughty, 2017 Bridge Damage Detection Based on Vibration Data: Past and New Developments Advanced computational techniques are needed to avoid false positives from environmental/operational variability in vibration-based SHM Review; case study on S101 bridge SHM, dynamic
37 Del Dottore et al., 2017 Efficient Soil Penetration Strategy Inspired by Plant Root Circumnutation Circumnutation movements reduce soil penetration energy by up to 33% compared to straight penetration Experimental; bio-inspired probe at 3 soil densities foundation
38 Duan et al., 2017 DEM Analysis of OWT Monopile under Cyclic Lateral Load DEM reveals shear zone development and local void densification around cyclically loaded monopiles; loading magnitude and direction govern accumulated rotation 2D DEM (PFC); validated against centrifuge offshore wind, pile, centrifuge, dynamic

Synthesis

1. CONSENSUS: Established Facts

  • SSI is critical for OWT design. Multiple studies (Alamo 2016, Aasen 2017, Ziegler 2016) confirm that soil-structure interaction significantly affects the fundamental frequency and fatigue life of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines. Ignoring SSI leads to unconservative frequency estimates.
  • Cyclic loading changes foundation response. LeBlanc (2009), Lau (2015), and Duan (2017) all demonstrate that cyclic lateral loading produces accumulated rotation, stiffness degradation, and soil densification around monopiles -- effects not captured by static design methods.
  • Scour is the leading cause of bridge failure in the US (~22 collapses/year per Yao 2013). Both Yao (2013) and Azhari (2016) emphasize that monitoring is essential because prediction alone is insufficient.
  • Environmental/operational variability confounds SHM. Casas (2017), Avendano-Valencia (2017), and Cao (2017) all identify temperature, wind, and traffic as sources of false positives in vibration-based damage detection.
  • Foundation embedment ratio governs capacity under combined loads. Mehravar (2016) and Cheng & Cassidy (2016) both show that VHM failure envelopes depend strongly on L/D and require plasticity-based models.

2. DEBATES: Contradictions and Open Questions

  • p-y curve adequacy for large-diameter monopiles. Haiderali (2016) finds that cubic splines work well for deriving p-y curves for monopiles up to 7.5 m, while Aasen (2017) shows that conventional API p-y models cause up to 22% fatigue error, suggesting they are inadequate for design.
  • LEM vs FEM for stability analysis. Rawat (2016) finds LEM overestimates FoS compared to FEM, with significantly different failure surfaces -- no consensus on which is more appropriate for reinforced slopes.
  • Damping as a damage indicator. Cao (2017) reviews damping-based SHM as promising but acknowledges it remains impractical due to measurement sensitivity, while Aasen (2017) emphasizes damping is critical for fatigue life prediction.

3. GAPS: Identified by Authors

  • Lack of age-dependent liquefaction criteria in design codes (Towhata 2016): current codes ignore soil aging, producing over-conservative hazard maps.
  • No validated foundation models for lifetime extension decisions (Ziegler 2016): fatigue reassessment sensitivity varies case by case; generic approaches are insufficient.
  • Fibre-soil interface reliability (Zhang 2016): DFOSS-based geotechnical monitoring lacks established calibration for progressive interface failure.
  • Fleet-wide fatigue extrapolation (Weijtens 2016): methods to extrapolate from instrumented fleet leaders to entire wind farms are still under development.
  • Screw pile design for offshore scale (Al-Baghdadi 2017): torque prediction methods are unvalidated at full offshore scale; geometry scaling introduces uncertainty.

4. METHODS: Most Common

Method Count Papers
Centrifuge testing 8 McMahon, Lau, Cheng 2015, Cheng & Cassidy, Kim, Al-Baghdadi, Duan, Cheng 2016
3D FE / FDM numerical 7 Mehravar 2015, Kim, Mehravar 2016, Haiderali, Rawat, Alamo, Xiao
Field monitoring / in-situ 5 Currie, Weijtens, Balachowski, Azhari, Beltempo
Review / meta-analysis 4 Randolph, Vardanega, Cao, Casas
Time-domain simulation 3 Aasen, Ziegler, Avendano-Valencia
Plasticity-based modelling 3 Cheng 2015, Cheng & Cassidy, Mehravar 2016

5. BENCHMARKS: Specific Numbers

  • 22% variation in accumulated fatigue damage at mudline depending on foundation model choice (Aasen 2017)
  • 40% increase in liquefaction resistance after 400 years of aging (Towhata 2016)
  • z/B = 1 dense sand crust sufficient to replicate ideal-soil rocking performance (Tsatsis 2015)
  • 20% of capital cost attributed to OWT support structure (EWEA 2015, cited in Aasen 2017)
  • 80% of offshore wind installations use monopile foundations (EWEA 2015, cited in Aasen 2017)
  • 33% energy reduction in soil penetration via circumnutation vs straight penetration (Del Dottore 2017)
  • 22 bridge collapses/year in the US due to scour (Yao 2013)
  • 5 MW turbine, 20 m water depth: corrosion + turbulence intensity + availability dominate fatigue sensitivity (Ziegler 2016)
  • 0.61 to 7.5 m pile diameters: cubic spline consistently accurate for p-y curve derivation (Haiderali 2016)